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1.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 89(1): 3-13, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420929

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Reading is a highly refined skill that encompasses two main components: decoding graphic symbols and understanding the written message. These aspects generally develop together, but reading comprehension is a much more complex process, sustained not only by the identification of written words and vocabulary but also by language systems, such as syntax and general knowledge. Although there is a well-established technique for performing the Phoniatric assessment, there is no common use of tests that assess reading comprehension or the association of this information with other assessment data. Objective: The objective of this study is, in the context of the Phoniatric consultation, to evaluate the reading and retelling in children with relevant reading difficulties and to correlate the decoding and comprehension problems with the alterations observed in auditory and visual perceptual tests, pointing out the evidence that best contributed to the differential diagnosis of these subjects. Methods: Starting from a population of 301 children enrolled in the 4th and 5th grades of elementary school, 13 children with evident reading and writing difficulties were evaluated regarding the reading and retelling tasks and separated into groups according to the problem of decoding, fluency, and comprehension. Reading performance was correlated with the performance in visual and auditory perceptual tests and based on the similarity analysis, the tests considered to be the most relevant in the diagnosis process of these children were identified. Result: The results suggest that the tasks: naming of figures, repetition of numbers in reverse order, figure copying, syllabic synthesis, phonemic synthesis, rhyme, and phonemic manipulation altogether contribute to diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention aspects. Conclusion: Some tasks are more relevant to the diagnostic process of children with complaints of learning difficulties in reading.

2.
Distúrb. comun ; 28(2): 211-220, jun. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1649

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os distúrbios de linguagem convocam profissionais de diferentes campos de conhecimento a refletirem sobre os casos atendidos e seus enigmas. Neste contexto, a possibilidade de diálogo com outras áreas pode responder sobre o atendimento clínico nesse campo, com a finalidade de pensar a direção do tratamento. Dados epidemiológicos também podem contribuir com informações clínicas para a condução dos pacientes. Objetivo: Caracterizar epidemiologicamente uma clínica foniátrica considerando os processos de diagnóstico e conduta. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte histórica com corte transversal. De um total de 879 prontuários de pacientes com queixa de dificuldades na comunicação submetidos à avaliação foniátrica, em uma clínica particular. Resultados: O gênero masculino foi prevalente (64,5%), o distúrbio de linguagem de etiologia multifatorial foi o mais frequente (44%) e a conduta comumente adotada foi a terapia fonoaudiológica. Conclusão: O Fonoaudiólogo destaca-se como o profissional que mais encaminha pacientes para avaliação foniátrica e é o que mais recebe indicações de pacientes a partir da conduta do foniatra, declarando que a parceria entre essas especialidades, a Fonoaudiologia e a Foniatria, pode contribuir para a evolução dos tratamentos desses pacientes. Destacamos, ainda, a importância do psicólogo na composição da equipe interdisciplinar no atendimento aos pacientes com distúrbios da comunicação, pois nos resultados esta foi a segunda especialidade que recebeu mais encaminhamentos do foniatra, considerando que alterações e sofrimentos psíquicos estão diretamente relacionados com os problemas de linguagem.


Introduction: Child development disorders invite people from different fields of knowledge to reflect on their roles. Within this context, the practice of speech therapy causes continuous reflections based on the singularity of treated cases and their riddles. As a path, the possibility of a dialogue with other areas can respond to clinical possibilities in this field, in order to think about the direction of treatment. Epidemiologic data can also contribute to clinical information for patients' management. Objective: To characterize epidemiologically a phoniatric clinical practice considering the processes of diagnosis and management. Method: Retrospective study of historical cohort with cross-sections. A total of 879 records of patients with difficulties in communicating complaints submitted to phoniatric evaluation at a private clinic. Results: The male gender was prevalent (64.5%), the language disorder of multifactorial etiology was the most frequent (44%) and the treatment commonly adopted was speech therapy. Interdisciplinary work was the discussion of diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Speech therapist stands out as a professional that directs more patients to phoniatric evaluation and is the one which most receives indications of patients from the conduct of the Phoniatrist, stating that the partnership between these specialties, Speech Therapy and Phoniatrics, can contribute to the development of treatments for these patients. We also highlight the importance of the psychologist in the composition of the interdisciplinary team in serving patients with communication disorders, because the results show that it was the second specialty that received more referrals from the Phoniatrist, considering that changes and mental suffering are directly related to language problems.


Introducción: Los trastornos del lenguaje convocan profesionales de diferentes campos del conocimiento para reflexionar sobre los casos atendidos y sus enigmas. En ese contexto, la posibilidad de diálogo con otras áreas puede responder sobre el atendimineto clínico en este campo, para pensar sobre la dirección del tratamiento. Los datos epidemiológicos también pueden contribuir con informaciones clinicas para el tratamiento de los pacientes. Objetivo: Caracterizar epidemiológicamente una clínica foniátrica considerando los procesos de diagnóstico y conduta. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de cohorte histórica con secciones transversales. Un total de 879 archivos de pacientes con quejas de dificultades en la comunicación sometidos a la evaluación foniátrica en una clínica privada. Resultados: El género masculino fué prevalente (64,5%), el distúrbio de lenguaje de etiología multifactorial fue la más fercuente (44%) y la conducta comúnmente adoptada fue la terapia fonoaudiológica. Conclusión: el fonoaudiologo se destaca como profesional que dirige más pacientes a la evaluación foniátrica y es el que mas recibe indicaciones de pacientes del médico foniatra. La asociación entre estas especialidades, Fonoaudiología y Foniatría, puede contribuir para el desarrollo del tratamientos de los para estos pacientes. También destacamos la importancia del psicólogo en la composición del equipo interdisciplinario en el servicio a los pacientes con trastornos de la comunicación, ya que en los resultados fue la segunda especialidad que recibió más referencias foniatra teniendo en cuenta que los cambios y el sufrimiento mental están directamente relacionados con problemas de lenguaje.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child Language , Diagnosis , Interdisciplinary Communication , Language , Language Disorders , Psychology , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences
3.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 81(4): 368-373, July-Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-758024

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Language acquisition and development require an understanding of physical and psychosocial aspects during diagnosis and treatment. At this point, a partnership between phoniatric physicians and other health professionals is often a determinant for favorable prognosis.OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a pediatric population attending a phoniatric clinical practice.METHODS: Study design: Cross-sectional cohort. Retrospective, epidemiological study of 297 children, seen in phoniatric appointments between 1976 and 2005. Outcome variables were referral origin, gender, age, mean age, diagnosis, and treatment approach.RESULTS: 66% were male and 34% were female, with a mean age of 6.4 years. The largest number of referrals for phoniatric treatments came from speech therapists (38%). The predominant complaint was alteration in speech (35%); the diagnostics in speech, language, and fluency (49.5%) are noteworthy. Considering the total of the patients analyzed, 28.2% were referred for speech therapy and 11.8% for psychotherapy.CONCLUSION: The studied population is predominantly male, the diagnosis points to a higher incidence in cases of impairment in speech, language, and fluency; the most common treatment was speech therapy.


INTRODUÇÃO: Aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem demandam cuidados exigindo compreensão dos aspectos orgânicos e psíquicos no diagnóstico e tratamento. Assim, parceria entre foniatra e outros profissionais é, muitas vezes, determinante de um prognóstico favorável.OBJETIVO: Caracterizar clínica e epidemiologicamente os distúrbios de comunicação em crianças na prática clínica.MÉTODO: Coorte transversal histórica. Estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo de 297 prontuários de crianças atendidas em consulta foniátrica no período entre 1976 a 2005. Variáveis: origem do encaminhamento, gênero, média da idade, diagnóstico e conduta para tratamento.RESULTADOS: 66% foram do gênero masculino e 34% do feminino com média de idade de 6,4 anos. Maior número de encaminhamentos foi realizado por fonoaudiólogos (38%). A queixa predominante era de alterações na fala 35% e ressaltam-se os diagnósticos na área da fala, linguagem e fluência (49,5%). Do total destacaram-se os encaminhamentos para: 28,2% fonoterapia e 11,8% psicoterapia.CONCLUSÃO: A população atendida foi predominantemente masculina, o diagnóstico aponta maior incidência em quadros de comprometimento na fala, linguagem e fluência e o tratamento mais indicado foi fonoterapia.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Communication Disorders/diagnosis , Referral and Consultation/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Child Language , Cross-Sectional Studies , Communication Disorders/epidemiology , Communication Disorders/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Speech Therapy
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